After putting in your best effort, honing your skills over the years and perhaps even winning the lottery with odds of one in a million, you finally get your coveted collectible toys. Naturally, you want these treasures to last for a long time. There may also be the quiet hope that their value will increase over time. However, the reality can often be disappointing, as most collectible toys are made of plastic, which isn't ideal for long-term preservation. While plastic is not easily degradable, it does age quite quickly. Fortunately, there are four key steps you can take to protect your collectible toys from the damaging effects of high temperatures, sunlight, moisture, and chemicals, helping them last longer.
How does it work? Where should I store it to prevent yellowing? What if it gets dusty? What if it gets greasy? Let's start with the materials: PVC, ABS, PU and Poly. PVC and ABS are commonly used for collectible figures, blind boxes, vinyl toys and Sofubi toys. PU and Poly are often used for small batches of artist and designer toys. Preservation methods vary because different materials have distinct characteristics and manufacturing processes.
PVC
PVC is a thermoplastic material and its heat resistance is poor, meaning PVC collectible toys can easily deform at high temperatures. Elevated temperatures during use can also cause PVC to release hydrogen chloride gas, leading to general yellowing of the material. This is especially noticeable in white areas where the surface decoration may not age well. Yellowing is just one visible change; what’s less obvious is that the material also becomes more fragile. The combination of ultraviolet light and the thermal effects of light promotes the formation of free radicals in the polymer, which makes the material brittle and prone to cracking.
In addition to yellowing and brittleness, experienced collectors are familiar with the greasy appearance of PVC toys. Why does this happen? One of the main disadvantages of PVC is that plasticizers are added during the manufacturing process to enhance its elasticity and toughness. However, plasticizers have a downside—they are prone to separating at high temperatures, leading to two major issues. First, many of the separated plasticizers are harmful to humans, and second, they remain on the surface of the toy, giving it a greasy appearance. This grease reduces the elasticity and toughness of the material.
While greasing is an early stage of a collectible’s aging process, it’s not necessarily a major issue at this point. However, if left untreated, it will progress to the second stage, causing the toy to become sticky, which severely reduces its resale value. This can only be remedied by cleaning with a degreaser and applying matte spray. High humidity or fluctuating humidity levels (due to repeated water vapor exposure and drying) can also lead to mechanical chipping of the PVC surface. So, how can we preserve PVC toys and avoid these issues?
1. Avoid high temperatures and sunlight
The high temperatures encountered in daily life typically come from sources like sunlight, hairdryers, radiators, and computer screens, and the ultraviolet rays in sunlight can be particularly harmful. To preserve your collectibles, keep them away from these heat sources and store them out of direct sunlight in a cool environment. The recommended storage temperature is between 15-24°C. If your collectibles become greasy, you can place them in the freezer for 15 minutes to cool. If you must use a hairdryer, set it to the cold air option. It’s also better to use LED cold lights for display cases and avoid using spotlights. As a special reminder, collectibles can become brittle in prolonged low-temperature environments. Be careful not to bump or drop them, especially during the winter months in colder climates.
2. Protection from moisture
Remember to add desiccants (and replace them regularly) to the display cases or showcases where you store your precious collectibles. If your collectibles become dusty or dirty, please avoid immersing them in water to clean them.
3. Prevent organic solvent cleaners and grease
Avoid using organic solvents, including alcohol, to clean collectibles, especially hand-painted vinyl toys and Sofubi toys, as these solvents can damage the paint. Additionally, the oils from your skin can accelerate oxidation, leading to yellowing. To protect your collectibles, avoid handling them directly with your hands. Be sure to wash your hands before touching them, and it's better to wear cotton gloves when handling them.
4. Regular ventilation
Many collectors return toys to their original boxes if they don't have a suitable place to display them after purchase. However, this is not a reliable solution, as the plasticizers in the toys will evaporate over time, causing them to become greasy and sealed in an airtight environment. This can lead to brittleness and deterioration as time passes.
Summary: PVC materials used in toys (such as blind boxes, vinyl, and Sofubi toys) are susceptible to deformation, yellowing, brittleness, cracking, and greasing when exposed to high temperatures, ultraviolet rays, and moisture. To preserve your collectibles, protect them from extreme temperatures, sunlight, moisture, organic solvents, and grease. Additionally, ensure proper ventilation during storage to prevent damage.
ABS
ABS and PVC are considered the primary materials used in collectible toys. Both are sensitive to light, heat, and ultraviolet rays, and are prone to yellowing, brittleness, and cracking. The maintenance methods for ABS materials are similar to those for PVC. It is important to note that the surface of ABS is easy to work with and can undergo various special treatments. Many collectible toys utilize production processes such as electroplating, flocking, and others to create unique visual and tactile experiences. While the electroplating effect can be eye-catching, these finishes are more difficult to maintain and require extra care to preserve the textures of the collectibles.
A. Electroplating
Electroplating uses the principle of electrolysis to deposit a thin layer of metal or alloy onto the surface of a substrate. There are three key points to consider when maintaining the coating: First, protect the surface layer from chemical damage to prevent fogging (loss of shine) and black spots (vulcanization). Second, ensure good adhesion of the surface layer to prevent bubbling and peeling. Third, maintain the substrate to prevent deformation.
1. Protection from high temperatures and humidity
The coating is susceptible to fogging (loss of shine), black spots (vulcanization), bulging, and peeling in high temperatures and humid environments. It is recommended to store items in an environment with a relative humidity of less than 65%. For special protection against heat and humidity, refer to the guidelines mentioned above.
2. Protection from hand perspiration, carbon monoxide, organic solvent cleaners
Hand perspiration is highly damaging to electroplating, as it not only increases humidity but also contaminates the electrolyte. It is strongly recommended to wear gloves when handling collectibles. Additionally, keep them away from gas and soot, as carbon monoxide can cause grey-black cracking in the plating.
3. Prevents abrasion and scratches
Avoid placing collectibles directly on rough, hard surfaces, especially the soles of your feet. It is recommended to handle them gently while playing and place them on a soft felt or fleece cloth on screen dividers. Alternatively, you can apply 3M non-marking stickers to the soles, which can be peeled off without leaving any marks when no longer needed.
B. Flocking
Flocking uses static electricity to create a pile with a negative charge, while the substrate is grounded or at zero charge. The flocked fibers are attracted to the isotropic substrate and are accelerated vertically to the surface of the adhesive-coated substrate. The maintenance of flocked surfaces relies on three key factors: First, cleaning the flock to prevent yellowing; second, ensuring the durability of the adhesive to prevent bulging and peeling; and third, maintaining the substrate to prevent deformation. The maintenance methods are similar to those for electroplating, including protection against high temperatures, humidity, and organic solvent cleaners.
1. If liquid is spilled on the flocking, gently absorb it with a soft white cloth. Do not use a hairdryer.
2. For soiled areas, mix 95% warm water with 5% neutral soap (without bleach). Dip a soft cloth in the solution and gently rub from the inside to the outside. After the stain is completely removed, use a dry cloth to absorb any foam. Then, rinse the area with water and blot with a dry cloth. Ensure that no soap suds remain on the flocking, as this can cause discoloration over time.
Summary: The maintenance of ABS material is similar to that of PVC material. Electroplated and flocked finishes require extra care. Protect them from high temperatures, moisture, organic solvents, abrasive scratches, and hand perspiration.
PU and Poly
Compared to PVC and ABS, PU and Poly are relatively stable materials. Collectibles made from these materials are less prone to deformation and are not greasy. The main focus of preservation is preventing breakage from impact, as these materials can be hard and brittle.
1. Anti-collision
These types of collectibles are not suitable for frequent handling and should be handled with care when photographed. Even when placed in a cabinet, ensure that they are stable to prevent shaking or tipping over.
2. Protection from sunlight and moisture
Although PU is relatively stable, it can still crack when exposed to sunlight. Additionally, some resin materials may develop mold in a damp environment.
3. Avoid organic solvent cleaners
The color of PU is a light creamy white, while the rich variety of color effects on PU and Poly collectibles are hand-painted. Organic solvents are a major enemy of the paint, so be sure to protect the coating when storing or handling the toys. When cleaning soiled areas, be cautious with alcohol, including alcohol wipes and cleaners. Unless absolutely necessary, avoid using wind-medicated oil to clean your collectibles.
Summary: The key points for preserving PU and Poly collectibles are to avoid collisions and to protect them from damage caused by organic solvent cleaners.
How to clean up the dust?
This is a dilemma no matter what you collect. It's worth mentioning because the accumulation of dust not only affects the aesthetics of the toys but can also cause irreversible damage if left uncleaned for a long period.
First, let's talk about cleaning tools. A laptop or camera cleaning kit is perfect for this, as it typically includes a soft cloth, an air blower (ear wash ball), and a soft bristle brush. Now, let's discuss the cleaning techniques. Use the air blower to remove floating dust from large areas, then gently wipe with a dry, soft cloth. Remember, never use wet cloths or organic solvent cleaners. For recessed areas, gently brush a few times with the soft bristle brush. If you happen to get a stain, dip a soft cloth in lukewarm water and wipe gently. If the stain persists, add a small amount of rubbing alcohol to the water and wipe gently again.
You may already be aware of the key factors in preserving collectible toys made from different materials. Ideally, a locked display case with controlled temperature and humidity would be perfect for keeping your collectibles safe and away from curious hands. Ultimately, the joy that collectibles bring, despite their limited lifespan, is invaluable. Whether you play with them, take pictures, or simply store them in your cupboard to admire, I hope you continue to enjoy them.